Pentateuken (de fem Mosebøger) rettere Toraen. Det er jødernes Hellige bog om jødernes Gud JHVH og derfor jødernes religion eller ”kulturhistorie” – judaismen.
Følgende er foreslået ang. dens tilblivelse:
jeg citere fra foreslået link:
Inden for den traditionelle gammeltestamentlige forskning anses Mosebøgerne for at bestå af fire hovedkilder, skrevet på forskellige tidspunkter af Israels historie: Jahvisten under det forenede monarki (900-800-t. f.Kr.), Elohisten under det delte monarki (700-t. f.Kr.), Deuteronomisten under Josijas regering (600-t. f.Kr.) samt Præsteskriftet fra eftereksilsk tid (500-400-t. f.Kr.).
Den moderne forskning daterer med større rimelighed Jahvisten til eksilsk eller persisk tid (500-300-t. f.Kr.) og Deuteronomisten og Præsteskriftet til den hellenistiske periode (330-31 f.Kr.), mens Elohisten ikke længere regnes for en selvstændig kilde til Pentateuken.
Nogle forskere afviser totalt denne kildehypotese og opfatter i lighed med græsk historieskrivning Pentateuken som en samling af prosatraditioner, der blev sammenfattet i sen persisk eller tidlig hellenistisk tid (ca. 450-150 f.Kr.).
Citat fra link slut.
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Det er selvfølgelig ikke korrekt. Nu er der så andre meninger om det og dem får du her:
Answer
Some sources indicate that it was given by Moses in 1280 BCE. The first written books are indeterminate. This date is based on what is known as the 'late date' for the Exodus, the Torah being written sometime shortly after when the Israelites went to Sinai.
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Answer
Other sources put the Exodus, and thus the Torah, somewhat earlier in around 1440 BC.
This is based on two things. Firstly, the verse below:
1 Kings 6:1 (King James Version):
1And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomon's reign over Israel, in the month Zif, which is the second month, that he began to build the house of the LORD.
Separately, archeologists have dated the beginning of the construction of the temple as 961 BC.
If you simply add the two dates (961 and 480), this arrives at a 1441 BC date for the Exodus and the Torah of course soon after in 1441 or 1440 BC.
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Answer
The Torah, the first five books of the Bible (Bereishit -Genesis, Shemot - Exodus, Vayikra - Leviticus, Bamidbar - Numbers and Devarim - Deuteronomy), is traditionally ascribed to Moses as having written it during the Exodus from Egypt.
The Bible confidently states that Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt 480 years before the fourth year of Solomon's reign, which would therefore be approximately 1444 BCE.
Because archaeological evidence has made the this date for the Exodus untenable, some liberal Christians have suggested that the Exodus really took place shortly before 1200 BCE, when Israelites are known to have begun to arrive in the Palestinian hinterland.
Modern Jews generally believe an intermediate date of round 1313 BCE.
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(Her får du så en “gentagelse” af citat fra øverste citat fra nævnte link -i denne version):
(fortsat) however, biblical scholars say that Moses was not really the author of the Torah. They say it was written by a number of authors or sources over a period of several centuries during the first millennium BCE. The main sources of the Torah were:
• The J (Yahwist) source, who always used 'YHVH' as the name for God and presents tradition from the point of view of the southern kingdom, Judah, using archaic Hebrew. J (Yahwist) was a gifted storyteller who was especially interested in the human side of things and had his own characteristic vocabulary. J referred to Moses' father-in-law as Reuel or Hobab.
• The E (Elohist) source, who always used 'Elohim' as the name for God and presents tradition from the point of view of the northern kingdom, Israel, using archaic Hebrew. E referred to Moses' father-in-law as Jethro.
• At some time around 650 BCE, J and E were combined by Judaean editors, producing a composite known to us as JE.
• The D (Deuteronomist) source, who emphasises centralisation of worship and governance in Jerusalem, as would be expected from political events that followed the defeat of Israel. Writing during the seventh-century-BCE reign of King Josiah, the Deuteronomist uses a more modern form of Hebrew.
• The P (Priestly) source uses both Elohim and El Shaddai as names of God and focusses on the formal relations between God and society. Writing during the Babylonian Exile, the Priestly Source also uses a late form of Hebrew, with a rather turgid style.
• The Redactor ('R Source') finalised the Pentateuch in more or less the form we know today, shortly after the Babylonian Exile.
Read more:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/When_was_the_Torah_written#ixzz1Zt5Wnooe
Citat slut.
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Kommentar:
Toraen blev selvfølgelig nedskrevet af Moses. Der er kun 2 muligheder.
1) enten blev disse 5 bøger der bærer Moses` navn skrevet af Moses i hans tid af ham eller også
2) blev de 5 Mosebøger nedskrevet mirakuløst af personer (som foreslået i nævnte øverste link).
Kosmos